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Microprocessor - 8088, 286, 386, 486
Amdahl's Law, CPI, MIPS rating, MFLOPS rating, Execution time calculations, 90/10 rule, CISC processors, RISC processors, How registers improve performance, register file, general purpose registers, special purpose registers, Benefits of special purpose registers, Cost of special purpose registers, instruction-fetch, instruction-decode, multi-ported register file, multiported memory, Instruction formats, 2-operand and 3-operand formats, fixed length formats
variable length formats, source registers, destination register, ALU, ISA, Addressing modes, indexed addressing, base addressing, offset to base address, Memory hierarchy, memory latency
memory bandwidth, difference between latency and bandwidth, virtual memory, virtual address,
physical addressing, page table, TLB, SRAM, DRAM, Access-time, Cycle time, Sequential access, memory, Random access memory, interleaved memory, Cache block size, associativity, Cache replacement policies, Cache mapping policies, Cache tags, direct-mapping, fully associative mapping, set-associative mapping, LRU replacement, FIFO replacement, Random Replacement, Optimal replacement, write-back, write-through, miss ratio, hit ratio, average cache-access time,
miss penalty, tag matching, Pipelined Processors vs non-pipelined processors, pipeline stages
how pipelining improves performance, fetch-decode-execute-write-back stages, pipeline stalls
what causes pipeline stalls, inserting nops to avoid stalls, delayed loading, delayed branching
dependencies, data forwarding, RAW hazards, WAR, WAW and RAR hazards, Load/Store architectures
Register-register architectures
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Microprocessor - Information Sources
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Most Important Links
Tom's Hardware Guide (Must Visit)
- Mainboard Guide, CPU Guide, Graphics Guide, Display Guide
, Audio Video Guide, Storage Guide, Mobile Device Guide, Peripherals & Consumer Electronics,Networking Guide
PC Hardware Blue Book
- Great Info on All kinds of Hardware
Microprocessor Charts
- 486, 586, 786 etc.
Processor Upgrading FAQ
- This FAQ is a compilation of answers offered to the most Frequently Asked Questions on newsgroups concerning upgrading a computer's processor.
PC Guide
- One of the Internet's premier sites for detailed PC reference information.
CPU Central
- Find reviews on computer hardware, CPU, Intel, AMD, transmeta, cooling, Athlon Thunderbird. Also find news on the computer industry. information on CPU's from Intel, AMD, Cyrix, and AMD, such as the Pentium, Pentium MMX, Pentium II, K5, K6, 6x86, 6x86MX, and Winchip C6.
Microprocessors (Intel): Hardware information / Internet Resources for microprocessors
- Latest News
PC Mechanic
- Everything You wanna know about PC
A CPU History
- History of 8086, Intel 8088, NEC V20 and V30, Intel 80186, 286, 386, 486, pentium
What Processor Do You Need?
- Information in Plain English to make the best choice in processor for you
System Optimization Information
- SysOpt.com provides IT professionals
and savvy PC Enthusiasts with the hardware information they need to make
improved buying decisions, maximize PC productivity, improve their
knowledge of the latest technology, and more.
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- Microprocessors and Microcomputers--Hardware and Software Sixth Edition by Ronald J.Tocci ,Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River
- Software and Hardware Engineering, Motorola M68HC12 by Ramon A. Mata-Toledo, Pauline K. Cushman
- Microcontroller Projects in C for the 8051 by Dogan Ibrahim
- Programming and Customizing the 8051 Microcontroller by Myke Predko
- Microprocessor Architecture, Programming, and Applications with the 8085 (4th Edition)
by Ramesh S. Microprocessor Architecture,P. Gaonkar
- Pentium Processor System Architecture (2nd Edition) by Don Anderson, Tom Shanley
- Debugging Embedded Microprocessor Systems by Stuart R. Ball
- The 68000 Microprocessor: Hardware and Software Principles and Applications (4th Edition)
by James L. Antonakos
- 80486 System Architecture (3rd Edition)
by Tom Shanley
- Pentium Microprocessor by James L. Antonakos
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